نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 75، تیر 1392)

The role of dendritic cells in the immune responses has led to the application of these cells in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of histamine on dendritic cells pulsed with myelin proteins and autologous T cell response in vitro. In this experimental study، blood samples were taken from 5 volunteers. Subsequently، peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by using Phicole Hypaque. Using GM-CSF cytokine and IL-4، dendritic cells were produced from peripheral blood and then stimulated with MBP in the presence and without histamine in control and treated group to be matured. The CD14+ and surface markers of resulted DC were evaluated by Flowcytometry. The levels of cytokines IL-10 and IL-12 in dendritic cells culture and IL-4، and IFN-γ in both cultured dendritic cells and antilogous T cells were obtained. And then the proliferation of T lymphocytes in the treatment and control groups were compared. The collected data was analyzed by Student''s t-test and ANOVA. In the treatment group، the expression of CD83 (from 3/15 to 5/24%) and HLA-DR (from 3/26 to 38%) was significantly higher than the control group (P> 0. 05). The expression of CD14 exhibited no change. The secretion of IL-10 increased and IL-12 showed a decrease. The secretion of IL-4/IFN- ᵞ showed an increase in treated group than the control group (P 0/05). Histamine deviation with immune responses from TH1/TH17 to the TH2 in an experimental model of MS can be used as a new method of DC-based vaccines which may be useful in treating this disease.

Consumption of methamphetamine compounds، especially with heavy usage، is associated with memory impairment and depression in the elevated spaces. The aim of this study was to alleviate the effect of crystal meth on Anxiety-related behaviors in male rat. In the present study، twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups: treated with saline، with crystal meth dosages of 5، 10 and 15 mg/ kg respectively. Crystal meth injection duration was seven days. Factors associated with anxiety in the elevated plus maze model were evaluated at the first، fourth and seventh day. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The injections of crystal meth in three days lead to the decrease of chronic and acute anxiety. Crystal Meth in two doses of 10 and 15 mg kg per day increased the percentage of time spent in the open arm (p <05). In days 4 and 7، the percentage of time spent in open arms and percentage of open arm and entry percentages of the group receiving crystal meth in comparison to saline group showed a significant increase p<0. 05). The results suggested that crystal meth possess capability to activating neural mechanisms in the control of anxiety. In fact، crystal meth in a dose- dependent usage can increase the probability of high risk behavior in users by anxiety reduction.

Dextran is a polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that are widely used in medicine as a blood volume extender. The aim of this study was to produce dextran from cane molasses using Leuconostoc mesenteroides bacteria. In this experimental study، for bacterial growth and dextran production، sugarcane molasses was added to the culture medium at different concentrations. Dextran sedimentation was obtained by shaking and centrifugation by adding ethanol after 48 hours. Response surface design was used for qualitative identification of the polarization of dextran and statistical analysis methods. After assessing the separation and interactive effects of the parameters on the optimum amount of dextran produced from sugarcane molasses as 50 g، 35 º C and 5/8 = pH، the Dextran produced was more than 82 g/l. The correlation of the computational model for the dextran produced was 99. 5%، which indicated excellent agreement with the experimental and computational models of high accuracy. Dextran produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides bacteria and sugarcane molasses as substrate، is a cheap and affordable compared to current methods of dextran production. In addition to producing a clinical product، the molasses pollution could be dramatically decreased.

Scrophularia striata extract has been traditionally used for wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Scrophularia striata extract on wound healing on mice. In this experimental study، a number of 35 male mice (NMRI) weighing 25-30 g were divided into 5 equal groups. Two 6 mm circular wounds were punched on the back of the mice; moreover they were treated for 3 weeks in separate cages. The first group wasconsidered as the control group and the other groups were treated with phenytoin ointment 1%، alcoholic extract، hydroalcoholic and aqueous 10% twice a day for 21 days respectively. The wounds were daily photographed by a digital camera and the wound area was calculated using Image J software. Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The average healing duration in the control group، phenytoin and extracts، aqueous and alcoholic were 9. 1 ± 3 6، 6. 6± 1. 9، 6. 5 ± 1. 7، 6. 7 ± 1. 8 and 6. 1 ± 0. 9 days respectively. The remaining scar size in these groups were 9. 08 ± 1. 83، 5. 84 ± 1. 20، 3. 7 ± 0. 62، 3. 5 ± 0. 74 and 2. 81 ± 0. 79 millimeters respectively. The average duration of scar healing and the remaining treatment groups were significantly different from controls (p<0. 05). Scrophularia striata extract decreased the period of wound healing in mice. Among the three types of extracts، the hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated the best result.

Aflatoxins are a large group of mycotoxins. The aim of the present study was the Comparison of Aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus under various conditions of temperature، light، and pH. In this experimental study، Twenty four flasks were assigned for incubation of each of the fungi Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus at 18، 24، 32 ° C. Both flasks were maintained under conditions of light and darkness. The rate of aflatoxin B1 produced by each groups، was measured by thin layer chromatography. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The lowest yield of aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus belonged to 32 ° C and pH 6. 5، respectively. On the other hand، the highest yield of toxin was observed at 24 ° C and pH 6. The lighting effects were considerable; according to the studies on the adverse effects of light and the fermentation process، aflatoxin production increased in dark conditions. the results of study showed that Aspergillus flavus produced more aflatoxin than Aspergillus parasiticus.

Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between oxidants and reluctant in the individual or its cells. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of antioxidant vitamins E and C in prevention of the toxicity of copper and molybdenum in rabbits. In this experimental study، 25 adult rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group (control group) received no medication The second group received 80 mg/Kg/day sodium molybdate orally until symptoms of toxicity، the third group received 4 mg/kg of copper sulfate orally with sodium molybdate، Group IV 150 mg/kg of vitamin E with sodium molybdate orally، and group V 20 mg/kg orally received vitamin C with sodium molybdate. Using the total antioxidant capacity parameters، malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin levels in rabbit’s serum parameters levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense were obtained after a 35-day trial. The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey''s test. The results of the present study indicated that molybdenum induced alopecia and depigmentation and molybdenum as a stress factor increased levels of malondialdehyde. So that the amount of malondialdehyde from 1. 285 in the control group to 1. 849 µM/L Molybdenum increased significantly. Although this indexes in the groups receiving vitamin E and C decreased significantly from 0. 375 to 0. 426 µM/L respectively. However، the total antioxidant capacity in any of the groups compared with the control group showed no change. Molybdenum toxicity is involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and antioxidant agents of vitamins E and C can reduce its toxic effects.

Proper nutrition is essential in the prevention and improvement of maternal problems and fetal health during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition education package on knowledge and nutritional behavior of pregnant women coping with problems and taking supplements during pregnancy. In the present clinical trial، a number of 88 pregnant women referred to health centers in Karaj، Iran، were selected and randomly divided into two groups (Intervention and control group). Two sessions of approximately 60 minutes including classes on nutrition during pregnancy was held for the intervention group using presentation، booklets، and educational film; sex education with similar method was held for the control group. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyzes. In the intervention group، in the field of knowledge dealing with problems during pregnancy and after the intervention supplements in two stages were significantly higher than the control group (p˂001). Scores in the intervention group in the field of nutritional problems during pregnancy included constipation، heartburn، swollen hands and feet، anemia and urinary tract infections during both stages of the intervention were better than the control group (p˂005). Iron and multivitamin supplementation in the intervention group during two phases after the intervention phase was better than the control group (p˂005). The content of educational package was evaluated as an appropriate policy in promoting nutritional knowledge and behavior among pregnant women

Several studies have reported anti-cancer properties of sagebrush plain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of sagebrush plain on human breast cancer MCF7 cells. In the present experimental study، the toxic effects of methanol extracts of flowers، leaves، stems and roots of sagebrush plain from of Khorassan and Esfahan province were tested on human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and normal cells HEK293. Plant samples were extracted by methanol and their toxic effects on normal and breast cancer cells at concentrations of 5. 62، 125، 250 and 500 µg/ml was determined by MTT. Both breast cancer cells MCF-7 and normal HEK293 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serums were cultured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The methanol extract of sagebrush showed toxicity on MCF7 cells. The extract of Khorasan showed higher toxicity than Esfahan province. IC50 of sagebrush plant for all parts of the plant were obtained more than 500 µg/ml، but the IC50 of sagebrush plant of Khorasan region in leaf and flower were 205 ± 1. 3 and 213 ± 5. 3µg respectively. The leaves and flowers in both cases had the highest cytotoxicity. Plant extracts in both regions did not show significant cytotoxicity on normal HEK293 cells. The extract of the sagebrush plain region of Khorasan region showed greater cytotoxicity than Esfahan. It seems that different environmental conditionshas considerable cytotoxicity.